Understanding Hard Water: Causes, Impacts

Hard water is water that contains high levels of dissolved minerals, primarily calcium and magnesium. While not a health hazard, it can cause a range of practical problems around the home, from stubborn soap scum in the shower to mineral buildup in pipes and appliances.

In many regions, the minerals come from underground sources that come into contact with aquifers and groundwater. When water flows through rock and soil, it picks up minerals and carries them into homes. The result is water that can feel slipperier than soft water, leave white crusty deposits on faucets, and reduce lather with soaps and detergents.

Why it matters for households: Hard water can shorten the life of appliances such as water heaters, dishwashers, and washing machines by promoting mineral buildup. It also can reduce the efficiency of heating elements, leading to higher energy bills. Some residents notice dry skin, itchy hair, or corrosion on metal fixtures where minerals accumulate.