Clogs in household drains are a daily nuisance that can often be prevented with a few targeted habits. Here are the most common culprits and how they form.

1) Hair and soap scum — In bathrooms, hair tangled with soap scum gradually binds to the sides of pipes, narrowing the passage and eventually blocking water flow. Regularly removing hair from stoppers and using a drain screen can dramatically reduce this issue.

2) Fats, oils, and grease (FOG) — In kitchen sinks, fats and oils congeal as they cool, sticking to pipe walls and trapping food particles. Pouring grease into a container and disposing of it in the trash, not the drain, is a key preventive step.

3) Food particles and insoluble waste — Post-meal scraps, coffee grounds, and starchy residues can accumulate in drains over time. Use a strainer, compost where possible, and avoid disposing solids via the sink.

4) Soap, detergents, and mineral buildup — Over time, minerals in hard water and the residue from soaps can harden and form scale inside pipes, reducing capacity. Periodic flushing with hot water or a vinegar solution can help, but persistent buildup may require professional treatment.

5) Foreign objects — Small objects flushed down toilets or sinks—buttons, toys, wipes labeled “flushable”—can cause blockages. Only flush appropriate items and keep small objects away from drains.

6) Tree roots and sewer line intrusion — In older homes or with distant mains, tree roots can invade sewer lines, causing slow drains or full blockages. This usually requires a plumber and may involve pipe repair or replacement.

7) Improper flushing and disposal practices — Items like diapers, sanitary products, and paper towels should never be flushed; they can clog sewer lines and plumbing alike.

When to call a professional — If multiple fixtures drain slowly, you hear gurgling, or plunging, snaking, or chemical cleaners fail, it’s time to consult a licensed plumber. Recurrent clogs may indicate larger pipe damage or root intrusion that requires advanced diagnostics.